% Bash History Cheat Sheet % % by Peteris Krumins (peter@catonmat.net) % http://www.catonmat.net - good coders code, great reuse % % 2008.02.13 % \documentclass{article} \usepackage[left=1.5cm,top=1cm,right=1.5cm,bottom=1cm,nohead,nofoot]{geometry} \usepackage[pdftex]{hyperref} \usepackage{verbatim} \hypersetup{pdftitle={Bash History Cheat Sheet}} \hypersetup{pdfauthor={Peteris Krumins (peter@catonmat.net)}} \hypersetup{pdfkeywords={cheat sheet, bash, shell, bourne again shell, sh, history, command line, unix, linux, cheat sheat, cheet sheet, cheet sheat}} \hypersetup{pdfsubject={http://www.catonmat.net - good coders code, great reuse}} \hypersetup{colorlinks} \pagestyle{empty} % ----------------------------------------------------------------------- \begin{document} \begin{center} \Large Bash History Cheat Sheet \end{center} \vspace{0.4in} Emacs and Vi history editing keyboard shortcuts: \renewcommand{\arraystretch}{1.2} \begin{tabular}{|p{3.5cm}|p{14cm}|} \hline \large\textbf{Shortcut} & \large\textbf{Description} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{\small\it{Emacs Mode Shortcuts:}} \\ \hline \textbf{CTRL-p} & Fetch the previous command from the history list. \\ \hline \textbf{CTRL-n} & Fetch the next command from the history list. \\ \hline \textbf{CTRL-r} & Search history backward (incremental search). \\ \hline \textbf{CTRL-s} & Search history forward (incremental search). \\ \hline \textbf{Meta-p} & Search backward using non-incremental search. \\ \hline \textbf{Meta-n} & Search forward using non-incremental search. \\ \hline \textbf{Meta-\textless} & Move to the first line in the history. \\ \hline \textbf{Meta-\textgreater} & Move to the end of the history list. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{\small\it{Vi Mode Shortcuts:}} \\ \hline \textbf{k} & Fetch the previous command from the history list. \\ \hline \textbf{j} & Fetch the next command from the history list. \\ \hline \textbf{/\textit{string}} or \textbf{CTRL-r} & Search history backward for a command matching \textit{string}. \\ \hline \textbf{?\textit{string}} or \textbf{CTRL-s} & Search history forward for a command matching \textit{string}. \\ \hline \textbf{n} & Repeat search in the same direction as previous. \\ \hline \textbf{N} & Repeat search in the opposite direction as previous. \\ \hline \textbf{G} & Move to the N-th history line (for example, \textbf{15G}). \\ \hline \end{tabular} \vspace{0.4in} History behavior modification via shell variables: \begin{tabular}{|p{3.5cm}|p{14cm}|} \hline \large\textbf{Shell Variable} & \large\textbf{Description} \\ \hline \textbf{HISTFILE} & Controls where the history file gets saved. Set to \textbf{/dev/null} not to keep history.\newline Default: $\sim$/.bash\_history. \\ \hline \textbf{HISTFILESIZE} & Controls how many history commands to keep in \textbf{HISTFILE}.\newline Default: 500. \\ \hline \textbf{HISTSIZE} & Controls how many history commands to keep in the history list of current session.\newline Default: 500. \\ \hline \textbf{HISTIGNORE} & Controls which commands to ignore and not save to the history list. The variable takes a list of colon separated patterns. Pattern \textbf{\&} matches the previous history command. \\ \hline \end{tabular} \vspace{0.4in} History behavior modification via \textit{shopt} command: \begin{tabular}{|p{3.5cm}|p{14cm}|} \hline \large\textbf{shopt option} & \large\textbf{Description} \\ \hline \textbf{histappend} & Setting the variable appends current session history to \textbf{HISTFILE}. Unsetting overwrites the file each time. \\ \hline \textbf{histreedit} & If set, puts a failed history substitution back on the command line for re-editing. \\ \hline \textbf{histverify} & If set, puts the command to be executed after a substitution on command line as if you had typed it. \\ \hline \end{tabular} \vspace{0.2in} \textbf{shopt} options can be set by a \texttt{shopt -s option} and can be unset by a \texttt{shopt -u option} shell command. \vfill \framebox{\parbox{5in}{ A cheat sheet by \textbf{Peteris Krumins} (peter@catonmat.net), 2008. \href{http://www.catonmat.net}{http://www.catonmat.net} - good coders code, great reuse \vspace{2mm} \footnotesize{Released under GNU Free Document License.}}} %--------------------------------------------------------------------------- \newpage \mbox{} History expansion: \begin{tabular}{|p{3.5cm}|p{14cm}|} \hline \large\textbf{Shortcut} & \large\textbf{Description} \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{\small\it{Event Designators:}} \\ \hline \textbf{!} & Starts a history substitution. \\ \hline \textbf{!!} & Refers to the last command. \\ \hline \textbf{!n} & Refers to the \textbf{n}-th command line. \\ \hline \textbf{!-n} & Refers to the current command line minus \textbf{n}. \\ \hline \textbf{!string} & Refers to the most recent command starting with \textbf{string}. \\ \hline \textbf{!?string?} & Refers to the most recent command containing \textbf{string} (the ending ? is optional). \\ \hline \textbf{\^{}string1\^{}string2\^{}} & Quick substitution. Repeats the last command, replacing \textbf{string1} with \textbf{string2}. \\ \hline \textbf{!\#} & Refers to the entire command line typed so far. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{\small\it{Word Designators (word designators follow the event designators, separated by a colon):}} \\ \hline \textbf{0} & The zeroth (first) word in a line (usually command name). \\ \hline \textbf{n} & The \textbf{n}-th word in a line. \\ \hline \textbf{\^{}} & The first argument (the second word) in a line. \\ \hline \textbf{\$} & The last argument in a line. \\ \hline \textbf{\%} & The word matched by the most recent ?string? search. \\ \hline \textbf{x-y} & A range of words from \textbf{x} to \textbf{y} (\textbf{-y} is synonymous with \textbf{0-y}). \\ \hline \textbf{*} & All word but the zeroth. \\ \hline \textbf{x*} & Synonymous with \textbf{x-\$}. \\ \hline \textbf{x-} & The words from \textbf{x} to the second to last word. \\ \hline \multicolumn{2}{|l|}{\small\it{Modifiers (modifiers follow word designators, separated by a colon):}} \\ \hline \textbf{h} & Removes a trailing pathname component, leaving the head. \\ \hline \textbf{t} & Removes all leading pathname components, leaving the tail. \\ \hline \textbf{r} & Removes a trailing suffix of the form .xxx, leaving the basename. \\ \hline \textbf{e} & Removes all but the trailing suffix. \\ \hline \textbf{p} & Prints the resulting command but does not execute it. \\ \hline \textbf{q} & Quotes the substituted words, escaping further substitutions. \\ \hline \textbf{x} & Quotes the substituted words, breaking them into words at blanks and newlines. \\ \hline \textbf{s/old/new/} & Substitutes \textbf{new} for \textbf{old}. \\ \hline \textbf{\&} & Repeats the previous substitution. \\ \hline \textbf{g} & Causes \textbf{s/old/new/} or \textbf{\&} to be applied over the entire event line. \\ \hline \end{tabular} \vspace{0.4in} History expansion examples: \begin{tabular}{p{10cm}|p{7.5cm}} \begin{verbatim} $ echo a b c d e (executes `echo ab c d e`) a b c d e $ echo !!:3-$ (executes `echo c d e`) c d e $ echo !-2:*:q (executes `echo 'a b c d e'`) a b c d e $ echo !-3:1:2:4:x (executes `echo 'a' 'b' 'd'`) a b d $ echo !-4:1-3:s/a/foo/:s/b/bar/:s/c/baz/ (executes `echo foo bar baz`) foo bar baz \end{verbatim} & \begin{verbatim} $ tar -xzf package-x.y.z.tgz ... $ cd !-1:$:r (exec's `cd package-x.y.z`) package-x.y.z $ $ ls -a /tmp file1 file2 file3 ... $ ^-a^-l^ (exec's `ls -l /tmp`) -rw------- 1 user user file1 ... \end{verbatim} \end{tabular} \begin{comment} \texttt{\parbox{3.3cm}{% \$ echo a b c d e \\ a b c d e \\ \$ echo !!:3-\$ \\ c d e \\ \$ echo !-2:*:q \\ 'a b c d e' }} & \texttt{\parbox{4.8cm}{% \$ tar -xzf package-x.y.z.tgz \\ ... \\ \$ cd !-1:\$:r \\ package-x.y.z \$ }} & \texttt{\parbox{5.8cm}{% \$ ls -a /tmp \\ file1 file2 file3 ...\\ \$ \^{}-a\^{}-l\^{} \\ ls -l /tmp \\ -rw------- 1 user user file1 \\ ... }} \\ \end{comment} \vfill \framebox{\parbox{5in}{ A cheat sheet by \textbf{Peteris Krumins} (peter@catonmat.net), 2008. \href{http://www.catonmat.net}{http://www.catonmat.net} - good coders code, great reuse \vspace{2mm} \footnotesize{Released under GNU Free Document License.}}} \end{document}